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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Pathophysiology investigates how biological mechanisms—typically starting at the cellular level—disrupt normal bodily functions. It bridges anatomy and physiology to explain the progression of disease. With this foundation, it is important to understand the following key terms used to describe disease processes: Diagnosis:The process of identifying a disease using clinical evaluation, including signs (objective evidence like rashes), symptoms (subjective experiences like...
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This lesson explores key terms that describe how diseases progress, their outcomes, and their distribution in populations.Diagnostic tests identify diseases and monitor treatment. These include blood and urine tests, biopsies, imaging (X-ray, MRI), and detection of infectious agents.Remission is a reduction or disappearance of symptoms.Exacerbation refers to the worsening of symptoms, such as increased wheezing during an asthma attack.A precipitating factor triggers an acute episode, while a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports
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A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

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Applications of Large Language Models in Pathology.

Jerome Cheng1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models (LLMs) offer transformative potential in pathology by assisting with tasks like image interpretation and data extraction. However, careful integration and verification are crucial due to risks of errors and over-reliance.

Keywords:
BERTGPTGemmaLlamaMistralartificial intelligencebidirectional encoder representations from transformersgenerative pretrained transformerlarge language modelnatural language processingsurgical pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Pathology
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) are advanced neural networks capable of generating human-like text.
  • These models are increasingly being explored for applications in various scientific fields, including medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of large language models.
  • To highlight current and potential use cases of LLMs in the practice and education of pathology.
  • To discuss the benefits and limitations of integrating LLMs into pathology workflows.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on large language models.
  • Analysis of transformer-based neural network architectures.
  • Exploration of current and emerging applications in the field of pathology.

Main Results:

  • LLMs can generate educational content, summarize text, extract data, and write code.
  • Combined with vision models, LLMs can aid in histopathology image interpretation.
  • Potential applications include assisting in case sign-out and report generation.

Conclusions:

  • Large language models hold significant promise for revolutionizing pathology practice and education.
  • Users must exercise caution, as LLMs can produce inaccuracies and hallucinations.
  • Verification of AI-generated content and mindful integration are essential to mitigate risks like de-skilling and automation bias.