Primary Stability of Implants Inserted into Polyurethane Blocks: Micro-CT and Analysis In Vitro

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Surgical Techniques

Background:

• Dental implant primary stability is crucial for osseointegration and influenced by surgical site preparation.
• Different implant site preparation techniques may yield varying degrees of primary stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of piezoelectric surgery (PES), traditional drills (TD), and magnetic mallet inserts (MM) on dental implant primary stability.
• To assess this impact across two artificial bone densities (15 PCF and 30 PCF).

Main Methods:

• 150 implant sites were prepared in polyurethane blocks simulating 15 PCF and 30 PCF bone densities.
• Techniques included piezoelectric surgery (PES), traditional drills (TD), and magnetic mallet inserts (MM).
• Primary stability was measured using Osstell (ISQ values) and micro-tomography (implant-to-site ratio, gap distance).

Main Results:

• Higher implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were observed in 30 PCF bone compared to 15 PCF.
• PES yielded the highest ISQ values, followed by MM, then TD, across both bone densities.
• PES showed a higher implant-to-site occupation ratio in 30 PCF bone; TD resulted in the smallest implant-to-site gap.

Conclusions:

• Piezoelectric surgery (PES) and osteo-densification with magnetic mallet inserts (MM) may enhance dental implant primary stability.
• These techniques could potentially facilitate earlier dental implant loading.