Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Forced Transdifferentiation

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Inhalable Polymeric PROTAC Nanococktail for Targeted Protein Degradation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

An Integrated Janus Patch with Asymmetric Tissue Adhesion for Enhanced Postoperative Adhesion Prevention.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2026

Same author

Catch and light up: Dual bioorthogonal reactions actualize fluorescent probe retention and activation for surgical navigation.

Biomaterials·2026

Same author

Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Delivery of Prodigiosin.

Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))·2026

Same author

PROTAC-based synthetic lethality strategy endogenously activates systemic STING to boost antitumor immunity.

Science advances·2026

Same author

An ultrasound-activated PROTAC prodrug with self-reporting fluorescence for targeted protein degradation.

Biomaterials·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Artificial Extracellular Vesicles Generated from T Cells Using Different Induction Techniques.

Ekaterina A Zmievskaya¹, Sabir A Mukhametshin¹, Irina A Ganeeva¹

¹Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.

|April 27, 2024

Summary

Researchers explored methods to increase extracellular vesicle (EV) production for cell-free therapy. Ultrasonication combined with T-cell activation significantly boosted EV yield and therapeutic protein content.

Keywords:

T cells artificial vesicles extracellular vesicles ultrasonication vesicle induction

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Published on: November 11, 2015

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Published on: November 11, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Published on: November 11, 2015

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Published on: November 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomedicine
Cellular biology
Immunotherapy

Background:

Cell therapy shows promise in oncology and regenerative medicine but faces challenges like limited efficacy and logistical issues.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a cell-free therapeutic alternative, but low production yields hinder clinical translation.
Developing methods for high-yield EV production is crucial for advancing cell-free therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate cytochalasin B and ultrasonication as methods for inducing artificial vesicle production in T cells.
To compare the yield and content of vesicles produced by these artificial induction methods versus natural secretion.
To identify the most effective approach for maximizing EV yield and therapeutic protein content for cell-free applications.

Main Methods:

Primary T cells and the SupT1 cell line were treated with either cytochalasin B (chemical inducer) or ultrasonication (physical inducer).
Vesicle production yield was quantified and compared between methods and with natural secretion.
Vesicle composition, including protein content (e.g., CD3, HLAII, granzyme B), was analyzed.

Main Results:

Both cytochalasin B and ultrasonication induced artificial vesicle production.
Ultrasonication resulted in a three-fold increase in particle yield compared to natural secretion.
Combining anti-CD3/CD28 antibody activation with ultrasonication yielded a seven-fold increase in particles rich in functional proteins like CD3, granzyme B, and HLA II.

Conclusions:

Ultrasonication, particularly when combined with T-cell activation, is a highly effective method for significantly increasing extracellular vesicle yield.
This approach enhances the production of EVs containing functionally important therapeutic proteins, addressing a key limitation in cell-free therapy development.
Optimized EV production through physical induction methods like ultrasonication holds significant potential for advancing regenerative medicine and oncology treatments.