Corinthian Currants Promote the Expression of Paraoxonase-1 and Enhance the Antioxidant Status in Serum and Brain of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Dimitris Lymperopoulos ^1,2, Anastasia-Georgia Dedemadi ^1,3, Maria-Lydia Voulgari ^1,3

⁰Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece.

Biomolecules +

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April 27, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Corinthian currants boost antioxidant enzyme Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, reducing oxidative stress in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. This effect, driven by currant phenolics, is most pronounced in the initial stages of the disease.

Area Of Science

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Nutritional Science

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to oxidative damage.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme, plays a role in AD pathogenesis.
Corinthian currants exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.

Purpose Of The Study

To investigate the impact of Corinthian currant-supplemented diet (CurD) on PON1 activity and oxidative stress markers in 5xFAD mice.
To explore the underlying mechanisms of CurD's effects on PON1 expression and activity.

Main Methods

5xFAD mice were fed a CurD, control diet (ConD), or glucose/fructose-matched diet (GFD) for 1, 3, or 6 months.
Serum and brain tissue were analyzed for PON1 activity and oxidation markers.
In vitro studies used hepatocyte and HEK293 cell cultures treated with Corinthian currant extract.

Main Results

Short-term CurD (1 month) increased serum PON1 activity and decreased oxidized lipids.
CurD (1 and 3 months) elevated cortical PON1 activity and reduced free radicals in the brain.
Corinthian currant extract increased PON1 activity in cell cultures by enhancing gene expression.

Conclusions

Phenolic compounds in Corinthian currants enhance hepatic PON1 expression and activity.
Early-stage dietary supplementation with Corinthian currants can mitigate oxidative stress in an AD mouse model.
These findings suggest a potential dietary intervention for early AD management.

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease Corinthian currants antioxidant effect enzyme activity mouse model paraoxonase-1 protein expression