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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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The Tumor Microenvironment: Signal Transduction.

Xianhong Zhang1, Haijun Ma2, Yue Gao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.

Biomolecules
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Tumor cells interact with their microenvironment through complex signaling, influencing cancer progression and metastasis. Understanding these tumor microenvironment (TME) signals may reveal new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
signaling pathwaystumor immunitytumor metabolismtumor microenvironment

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A Proximal Culture Method to Study Paracrine Signaling Between Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Signaling

Background:

  • Tumors exist within a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) comprising diverse stromal cells.
  • Tumor progression and metastasis involve reciprocal interactions and signaling between cancer cells and the TME.
  • Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, with metabolites acting as signaling molecules in intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of the tumor microenvironment.
  • To delineate oncogenic signaling pathways within tumor cells.
  • To elucidate the communication between tumor cell signaling and the TME, and its impact on metabolism and immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tumor microenvironment development.
  • Analysis of intrinsic signal transduction pathways in cancer cells.
  • Examination of paracrine and proximal signaling within the TME.
  • Investigation of metabolic communication and its regulatory role in cancer progression.

Main Results:

  • Intrinsic tumor signaling drives malignant transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune evasion, and metastasis.
  • Metabolites produced by cancer cells act as signaling molecules, regulating carcinogenic pathways.
  • Reciprocal communication between tumor cells and the TME influences cancer progression.
  • Signal transduction in the TME affects tumor metabolism and immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tumor cell signaling and TME communication is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets.
  • The interplay between intrinsic tumor signaling and the TME significantly impacts cancer progression, metabolism, and immune evasion.
  • Targeting these signaling networks offers potential for innovative cancer therapies.