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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

504
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
504
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

289
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
289
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

338
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
338
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

1.9K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
1.9K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

428
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
428
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

214
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
214

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium
05:53

Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium

Published on: March 4, 2016

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Endovascular Drug Delivery.

Claudiu N Lungu1, Andreea Creteanu2, Mihaela C Mehedinti1

  • 1Department of Functional and Morphological Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-eluting stents and balloons offer advanced atherosclerosis treatment via local drug delivery. Future treatments will focus on lesion-specific approaches for improved cardiovascular intervention outcomes.

Keywords:
atherosclerosisdrug deliveryendovascular therapylesion morphologylesion-specific treatment

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Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging
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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis treatment traditionally involves managing hyperplastic tissue responses.
  • Drug-eluting devices (stents and balloons) have emerged as key innovations in endovascular therapy.
  • Effective local drug delivery is critical for managing vascular restenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging drug-eluting endovascular devices for atherosclerosis.
  • To analyze drug release mechanisms and their effect on arterial drug distribution.
  • To explore the influence of device technology on vascular behavior and lesion morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of approved and emerging drug-eluting stents and balloons.
  • Analysis of drug release kinetics and pharmacokinetic profiles.
  • Examination of clinical data and patent literature on local drug delivery strategies.

Main Results:

  • Drug-eluting devices significantly impact hyperplastic tissue responses.
  • Device technology and drug release mechanisms influence arterial drug distribution and vascular behavior.
  • Emerging devices show promise for lesion-specific treatments, particularly in the superficial femoral artery.

Conclusions:

  • Localized drug delivery is pivotal in modern cardiovascular interventions.
  • Future advancements will likely focus on tailored, lesion-specific treatments.
  • Innovations in drug-eluting technologies are shaping improved interventional outcomes and precision medicine in vascular care.