MASLD-Related HCC-Update on Pathogenesis and Current Treatment Options

Area of Science:

• Hepatology and Oncology
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of cancer mortality globally, often arising from chronic liver diseases.
• Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an emerging risk factor for liver cancer, with increasing prevalence.
• Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a key driver of hepatocarcinogenesis, even without cirrhosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiological and epidemiological links between MASH and HCC.
• To explore the impact of additive risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), genetic variations, and gut microbiota on MASH-driven hepatocarcinogenesis.
• To examine current therapeutic strategies for MASH-associated HCC.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pathophysiological mechanisms.
• Epidemiological data analysis on MASH and HCC prevalence.
• Review of existing treatment modalities for MASH-associated HCC.

Main Results:

• MASLD and MASH are increasingly recognized as critical precursors to HCC.
• T2DM, genetic factors, and gut dysbiosis may synergistically promote hepatocarcinogenesis in MASH patients.
• Understanding these associations is vital for early detection and effective treatment of HCC in MASH.

Conclusions:

• MASH represents a significant and growing risk for developing HCC, necessitating focused research and clinical attention.
• Integrated approaches considering metabolic, genetic, and microbial factors are crucial for managing MASH-associated liver cancer.
• Further research into novel therapeutic targets is essential to improve survival rates for patients with MASH-related HCC.