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Summary

New polymeric binders enhance activated carbon (AC) production. Sodium carboxymethylhydrocellulose (CMHC) at 8% yielded superior AC with increased surface area and mechanical strength, suitable for water treatment applications.

Keywords:
AC bindersactivated carbonactivationadsorptioncarbonization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Formed activated carbon (AC) is a versatile adsorbent crucial in various applications.
  • Traditional AC manufacturing involves coal processing, granulation, carbonization, and activation.
  • Binders are essential for achieving desired grain shapes during AC granulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate novel polymeric binders for activated carbon formation.
  • To investigate the impact of sodium carboxymethylhydrocellulose (CMHC), poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene] (POPE), and methyl-hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) on AC properties.
  • To determine the optimal binder concentration and activation stages for enhanced AC performance.

Main Methods:

  • ACs were formed using new polymeric binders: CMHC, POPE, and MHPC.
  • Binder efficacy was assessed through granulation and carbonization processes.
  • Single- and double-stage activation methods were applied.
  • BET surface area, pore volume, mechanical strength, ash content, and volatile matter were analyzed.
  • Surface elemental composition was characterized.

Main Results:

  • An 8% concentration of CMHC proved most effective, enabling successful granulation and carbonization.
  • Double-stage activation of CMHC-bound AC resulted in significantly increased BET surface area (968 m²/g) and pore volume (0.72 cm³/g) compared to single-stage activation (774 m²/g and 0.58 cm³/g).
  • The new AC exhibited superior mechanical strength (99.9%), lower ash content, and reduced volatile matter compared to AC produced with molasses binder. Surface analysis revealed carbon, Ca, Si, Al ions, and acidic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium carboxymethylhydrocellulose (CMHC) is a highly effective binder for producing high-performance activated carbon.
  • The developed AC demonstrates enhanced adsorption properties and mechanical integrity.
  • This novel AC holds significant potential for applications in water treatment and industrial/municipal wastewater management.