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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

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Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
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Thin-walled members with non-symmetrical cross-sections are vital to engineering structures, offering material efficiency and structural integrity. However, unsymmetrical loading on these members leads to complex stress distributions, resulting in simultaneous bending and twisting can cause deformation or structural failure. The interaction between bending and twisting requires detailed analysis to ensure structural resilience.
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When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
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Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Delineating the Ultra-Low Misorientation between the Dislocation Cellular Structures in Additively Manufactured 316L

Fei Sun1, Yoshitaka Adachi1, Kazuhisa Sato2

  • 1Department of Material Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Sub-micro dislocation cellular structures in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-processed 316L stainless steel exhibit ultra-low misorientations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) precisely measures these misorientations, offering insights into nanostructured materials.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingcellular structureelectron backscatter diffractionmisorientationtransmission Kikuchi diffractiontransmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing of 316L stainless steel results in sub-micro dislocation cellular structures.
  • These structures influence the strength-ductility balance due to high-density dislocations and segregated elements at cellular boundaries.
  • Understanding the misorientation between adjacent cellular structures is crucial for material property prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and accurately measure the ultra-low misorientations between cellular structures in LPBF-processed 316L stainless steel.
  • To compare the effectiveness of conventional electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for measuring these misorientations.
  • To provide insights into the characterization of nanostructured materials with ultrafine-grained microstructures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized conventional electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) for initial misorientation analysis.
  • Employed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for precise measurement of misorientations between dislocation cells.
  • Analyzed cellular structures formed during rapid solidification in LPBF-processed 316L stainless steel.

Main Results:

  • Conventional EBSD and TKD provided misorientation angles below 2°, with resolution dependent on specimen quality and scanning parameters.
  • TEM analysis revealed accurate misorientation angles below 1° between adjacent dislocation cells.
  • Demonstrated that TEM offers superior spatial resolution and accuracy for measuring ultra-low misorientations in cellular structures.

Conclusions:

  • TEM is the preferred and more precise method for measuring ultra-low misorientations (<1°) between dislocation cells in LPBF-processed 316L stainless steel.
  • Accurate measurement of these misorientations is vital for understanding deformation mechanisms and material properties.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for characterizing nanostructured metals and alloys with ultrafine-grained microstructures.