The General Movement Optimality Score-Revised (GMOS-R) with Socioeconomically Stratified Percentile Ranks.

Area of Science:

• Pediatric neurology
• Developmental pediatrics
• Movement science

Background:

• The General Movement Optimality Score (GMOS) quantifies general movements (GMs) in infants.
• Recent psychometric analysis led to the development of the GMOS-Revised (GMOS-R) scoresheet.
• Validation with new percentile ranks is crucial for the GMOS-R's clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish percentile ranks for the GMOS-R.
• To examine the influence of sex, preterm birth, and country of birth/residence on GMOS-R distribution.

Main Methods:

• The GMOS-R was applied to an international cohort of 1983 infants.
• Infants were assessed across various gestational ages, from preterm to post-term.
• Data were categorized by World Bank income classification: lower- and upper-middle-income countries (LMICs/UMICs) versus high-income countries (HICs).

Main Results:

• Infant sex and preterm birth status did not significantly affect GM classification or GMOS-R scores.
• Country of residence emerged as a significant factor influencing GMOS-R distribution.
• Infants from LMICs/UMICs exhibited lower median GMOS-R scores compared to those from HICs.

Conclusions:

• The study provides validated percentile ranks for the GMOS-R, reflecting socioeconomic stratification.
• Separate percentile ranks are recommended for infants from LMICs/UMICs versus HICs.
• A freely available GMOS-R scoring sheet with these percentile ranks is provided for clinical and research use.