A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Collagen Matrix to Hemostatic Gelatin Sponge as Socket Seal in Alveolar Ridge...

Area of Science:

• Dental implantology and periodontology.
• Biomaterials science in regenerative medicine.

Background:

• Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is crucial for maintaining bone and soft tissue volume after tooth extraction.
• Socket sealing materials play a key role in ARP outcomes, influencing both hard and soft tissue healing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy of a collagen matrix versus a hemostatic gelatin sponge as a socket seal in ARP.
• To evaluate the impact of these materials on soft tissue thickness, height, and hard tissue preservation.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled trial involving systemically healthy patients undergoing ARP.
• Socket grafting with collagen-enriched deproteinized bovine bone mineral, followed by randomization to collagen matrix or gelatin sponge.
• Assessment of soft tissue thickness, height, bone loss, and wound healing via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 4 months.

Main Results:

• The collagen matrix group showed significantly greater soft tissue thickness (2.48 mm vs. 1.81 mm) and buccal soft tissue height (0.72 mm) at 4 months.
• A trend favoring the collagen matrix was observed for lingual soft tissue height.
• No significant differences were found in horizontal bone loss, soft tissue profile changes, wound dimensions, or Socket Wound Healing Score (SWHS).

Conclusions:

• Both collagen matrix and hemostatic gelatin sponge effectively seal extraction sockets and support bone preservation in ARP.
• The collagen matrix demonstrates a superior ability to maintain soft tissue dimensions, particularly thickness and buccal height.
• Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of enhanced soft tissue maintenance for subsequent implant placement.