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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

945
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
945
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

832
Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
832
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

1.4K
Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
1.4K
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

980
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
980
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

917
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
917
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

741
Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
741

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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

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Catheter Ablation for Channelopathies: When Is Less More?

Adhya Mehta1, Rishi Chandiramani2, Binita Ghosh3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catheter ablation offers a promising alternative for managing ventricular fibrillation (VF) in channelopathies, potentially reducing sudden cardiac death and improving quality of life. Further research is needed to confirm long-term efficacy across different channelopathies.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromecardiac ablationchannelopathieslong QT syndromeventricular fibrillation

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Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death in young patients with channelopathies.
  • Current treatments like ICDs and medications have limitations and adverse effects.
  • Catheter ablation is emerging as a potential therapeutic option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and efficacy of catheter ablation in managing common channelopathies.
  • To explore advancements in imaging and mapping for precise arrhythmia trigger identification.
  • To understand the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias in channelopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on catheter ablation for Brugada syndrome, congenital long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
  • Analysis of advances in imaging and mapping technologies.
  • Discussion of underlying pathophysiology, including Purkinje network and epicardial RVOT roles.

Main Results:

  • Initial results for catheter ablation in Brugada syndrome are promising.
  • Understanding of arrhythmogenesis in channelopathies has improved, highlighting specific anatomical regions.
  • Long-term efficacy and durability of ablation require further investigation across various channelopathies.

Conclusions:

  • Catheter ablation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ventricular arrhythmias in channelopathies.
  • Further studies are essential to establish long-term outcomes and compare efficacy against existing treatments.
  • Personalized approaches may be necessary due to the genetic and phenotypic diversity of channelopathies.