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Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis
Chunmei Zhang1, Yusi Zhang1, Ran Zhuang1
1Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 27, 2024
Summary
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) regulates immune cells, particularly microglia in the brain. This review explores its crucial roles in viral infections like HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
- Virology
Background:
- CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is a unique CX3C chemokine.
- It signals via CX3CR1, primarily on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS).
- CX3CL1 modulates microglia activation in CNS disorders and inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the function and alterations of CX3CL1 in viral infections.
- To highlight CX3CL1's emerging roles in viral pathogenesis and associated diseases.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on CX3CL1 in viral infections.
- Analysis of CX3CL1's role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections.
Main Results:
- CX3CL1 influences immune cell adhesion and chemotaxis during viral infections.
- Its expression and function are altered in various viral diseases.
- CX3CL1 plays a significant role in host immune responses to viruses.
Conclusions:
- CX3CL1 is a key regulator in the host immune response to viral infections.
- Understanding CX3CL1's role is crucial for developing therapies against viral diseases.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate CX3CL1's complex functions in virology.
