Disparities and Outcomes in the First and Second Year of the Pandemic on Events of Acute Myocardial Infarction in
Jasninder Singh Dhaliwal1, Manraj S Sekhon1, Arush Rajotia1
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|April 27, 2024
Summary
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in 3.55% of COVID-19 patients. Those infected in 2021 faced higher risks of complications and mortality compared to 2020.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
- Understanding the incidence and outcomes of AMI in COVID-19 patients is crucial for managing pandemic-related health burdens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic.
- To compare the outcomes and characteristics of AMI events in COVID-19 patients between 2020 and 2021.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of the 2020-2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.
- Inclusion criteria: adult inpatients with primary COVID-19 diagnosis and documented AMI.
- Comparison of month-to-month AMI events, mortality, patient characteristics, and complication rates between the two years.
Main Results:
- 3.55% of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalizations involved AMI, peaking in December 2021 (4.35%).
- No significant difference in AMI mortality trends was observed over 21 months.
- COVID-19 patients with AMI in 2021 showed increased odds of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), acute kidney injury, ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest, mechanical ventilation, and all-cause mortality compared to 2020.
Conclusions:
- AMI incidence in COVID-19 patients fluctuated, peaking late in 2021.
- COVID-19 patients experiencing AMI in 2021 had a higher risk of severe complications and mortality.
- Factors such as healthcare system strain, evolving virus variants, and patient care-seeking behaviors may explain the increased risks observed in 2021.
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