Application of Hyperspectral Technology with Machine Learning for Brix Detection of Pastry Pears

Sugar content is an essential indicator for evaluating crisp pear quality and categorization, being used for fruit quality identification and market sales prediction. In this study, we paired a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with genetic algorithm optimization to reliably estimate the sugar content in crisp pears. We evaluated the spectral data and actual sugar content in crisp pears, then applied three preprocessing methods to the spectral data: standard normal variable transformation (SNV), multivariate scattering correction (MSC), and convolution smoothing (SG). Support vector regression (SVR) models were built using processing approaches. According to the findings, the SVM model preprocessed with convolution smoothing (SG) was the most accurate, with a correlation coefficient 0.0742 higher than that of the raw spectral data. Based on this finding, we used competitive adaptive reweighting (CARS) and the continuous projection algorithm (SPA) to select key representative wavelengths from the spectral data. Finally, we used the retrieved characteristic wavelength data to create a support vector machine model (GASVR) that was genetically tuned. The correlation coefficient of the SG-GASVR model in the prediction set was higher by 0.0321 and the root mean square prediction error (RMSEP) was lower by 0.0267 compared with those of the SG-SVR model. The SG-CARS-GASVR model had the highest correlation coefficient, at 0.8992. In conclusion, the developed SG-CARS-GASVR model provides a reliable method for detecting the sugar content in crisp pear using hyperspectral technology, thereby increasing the accuracy and efficiency of the quality assessment of crisp pear.