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A Noble Extract of Pseudomonas sp. M20A4R8 Efficiently Controlling the Influenza Virus-Induced Cell Death
Su-Bin Jung1, Grace Choi2, Hyo-Jin Kim3
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Epidemic diseases that arise from infectious RNA viruses, particularly influenza viruses, pose a constant threat to the global economy and public health. Viral evolution has undermined the efficacy of acquired immunity from vaccines and the antiviral effects of FDA-approved drugs. As such, there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral lead agents. Natural compounds, owing to their historical validation of application and safety, have become a promising solution. In this light, a novel marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. M20A4R8, has been found to exhibit significant antiviral activity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.3 µg/mL, selectivity index (SI) = 919.4] against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34, surpassing the activity of chloroquine. The antiviral response via M20A4R8 extract was induced during post-entry stages of the influenza virus, indicating suitability for post-application after the establishment of viral infection. Furthermore, post-treatment with M20A4R8 extract protected the host from virus-induced apoptosis, suggesting its potential use in acute respiratory disease complexes resulting from immune effectors' overstimulation and autophagy-mediated self-apoptosis. The extract demonstrated an outstanding therapeutic index against influenza virus A/Wisconsin/15/2009 (IC50 = 8.1 µg/mL, SI = 146.2) and B/Florida/78/2015 Victoria lineage (IC50 = 3.5 µg/mL, SI = 343.8), indicating a broad anti-influenza virus activity with guaranteed safety and effectiveness. This study provides a new perspective on mechanisms for preventing a broad spectrum of viral infections through antiviral agents from novel and natural origins. Future studies on a single or combined compound from the extract hold promise, encouraging its use in preclinical challenge tests with various influenza virus strains.
Insights
A novel marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. M20A4R8, shows potent antiviral activity against influenza viruses. This natural compound offers a promising new strategy for combating epidemic viral infections safely and effectively.
Area of Science:
- Marine microbiology
- Virology
- Natural product drug discovery
Background:
- Epidemic RNA viruses, like influenza, pose significant global health and economic threats.
- Viral evolution necessitates novel antiviral agents due to reduced vaccine and drug efficacy.
- Natural compounds offer a promising avenue for developing safe and effective antiviral therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the antiviral potential of a novel marine bacterium, *Pseudomonas* sp. M20A4R8, against influenza viruses.
- To characterize the mechanism of action and therapeutic index of the M20A4R8 extract.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and identification of *Pseudomonas* sp. M20A4R8 from marine sources.
- Antiviral activity assays against specific influenza virus strains (A/Puerto Rico/8/34, A/Wisconsin/15/2009, B/Florida/78/2015).
- Determination of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and selectivity index (SI).
- Assessment of the extract's effect on viral post-entry stages, host apoptosis, and autophagy.
Main Results:
- The M20A4R8 extract exhibited significant antiviral activity against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (IC50 = 1.3 µg/mL, SI = 919.4), outperforming chloroquine.
- Antiviral effects were observed during post-entry stages, indicating potential for post-infection treatment.
- The extract protected host cells from virus-induced apoptosis and demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against other influenza strains (A/Wisconsin/15/2009 and B/Florida/78/2015) with high safety profiles (SI > 146.2).
- The marine bacterium extract showed broad anti-influenza virus activity with guaranteed safety and effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- *Pseudomonas* sp. M20A4R8 is a promising source of novel antiviral agents against influenza viruses.
- The extract's post-entry mechanism and protective effects against apoptosis suggest potential for treating acute respiratory viral infections.
- Further research into specific compounds from this marine bacterium could lead to effective preclinical and clinical antiviral therapies.
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