Enhancing Precision in Photodynamic Therapy: Innovations in Light-Driven and Bioorthogonal Activation
Natalia S Kuzmina1, Ekaterina A Fedotova1, Petar Jankovic1
1Department of Organic Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Abstract:
Over the past few decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has evolved as a minimally invasive treatment modality offering precise control over cancer and various other diseases. To address inherent challenges associated with PDT, researchers have been exploring two promising avenues: the development of intelligent photosensitizers activated through light-induced energy transfers, charges, or electron transfers, and the disruption of photosensitive bonds. Moreover, there is a growing emphasis on the bioorthogonal delivery or activation of photosensitizers within tumors, enabling targeted deployment and activation of these intelligent photosensitive systems in specific tissues, thus achieving highly precise PDT. This concise review highlights advancements made over the last decade in the realm of light-activated or bioorthogonal photosensitizers, comparing their efficacy and shaping future directions in the advancement of photodynamic therapy.
Insights
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses intelligent photosensitizers for precise cancer treatment. Recent advancements focus on light-activated or bioorthogonal systems for targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Photochemistry
- Oncology
Background:
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment for cancer and other diseases.
- Challenges in PDT include precise control and targeted delivery of photosensitizers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in light-activated and bioorthogonal photosensitizers for PDT over the last decade.
- To compare the efficacy of these novel photosensitizer systems.
- To outline future directions for improving PDT.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on photosensitizer development and PDT.
- Analysis of energy transfer, charge transfer, and electron transfer mechanisms in photosensitizers.
- Evaluation of bioorthogonal strategies for targeted photosensitizer activation within tumors.
Main Results:
- Development of intelligent photosensitizers activated by light-induced energy, charge, or electron transfer.
- Emergence of bioorthogonal delivery and activation methods for targeted PDT.
- Demonstrated potential for enhanced precision and efficacy in tumor treatment.
Conclusions:
- Intelligent and bioorthogonal photosensitizers represent significant progress in PDT.
- Targeted activation strategies improve treatment specificity and reduce side effects.
- Further research will refine these systems for broader clinical application.
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