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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
522

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
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Fully Additively Manufactured Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Semih Akin1, Sungdo Kim2,3, Chul Ki Song4

  • 1Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.

Micromachines
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Additive manufacturing offers a high-throughput, eco-friendly method for creating polymer-based counter electrodes (CEs) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This novel approach significantly boosts photo-conversion efficiency compared to traditional glass-based electrodes.

Keywords:
3D printingadditive manufacturingcold spraycounter electrodedye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)polymer metallization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Renewable Energy Technologies
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Counter electrodes (CEs) are vital components in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), facilitating electron transfer and redox couple regeneration.
  • Conventional glass-based CEs face limitations, while polymer substrates offer advantages like lightweight design, durability, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Existing polymer CE manufacturing methods are hindered by low conductivity, scalability issues, complex processes, and reliance on vacuum equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a fully additive manufacturing route for fabricating high-performance CEs on polymer substrates for DSSCs.
  • To address the limitations of conventional CE manufacturing, including conductivity, scalability, and process complexity.
  • To enable high-throughput and eco-friendly production of CEs.

Main Methods:

  • A sequential additive manufacturing process was employed: 3-D printing of polymer substrates, cold spray particle deposition for conductive metallization, and graphite pencil coating for catalyst application.
  • Fabricated electrodes were characterized for microstructure, electrical conductivity, and performance in DSSCs.
  • Photo-conversion efficiency was measured and compared against traditional FTO/glass counter electrodes.

Main Results:

  • The additively manufactured CEs exhibited promising electrical conductivity (8.5 × 104 S·m-1) and a micro-rough surface structure (Ra ≈ 6.32 µm).
  • DSSCs utilizing these novel CEs achieved approximately 2.5 times higher photo-conversion efficiency compared to those with conventional FTO/glass CEs.
  • The additive manufacturing approach demonstrated high-throughput and eco-friendly fabrication capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed additive manufacturing strategy successfully overcomes the limitations of conventional CE fabrication for DSSCs.
  • This approach enables the production of lightweight, durable, and cost-effective polymer-based CEs with enhanced performance.
  • The study highlights the potential of additive manufacturing to advance DSSC technology through improved CE fabrication.