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Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protective Effects against SARS-CoV-2 Following Immunization with a Recombinant RBD-IgG

Mariângela de Oliveira Silva1, Maria Fernanda Castro-Amarante2, Alexia Adrianne Venceslau-Carvalho2

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Vaccines
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Summary

This study fused the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) with an IgG antibody to create a novel subunit vaccine. This enhanced vaccine antigen improved immune responses and provided full protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice.

Keywords:
IgG fusionSARS-CoV-2recombinant RBDsubunit vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates effective vaccines.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a key target for neutralizing antibodies.
  • Low immunogenicity of RBD requires strategies to enhance its immunological properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a subunit vaccine antigen created by genetically fusing the RBD with a mouse IgG antibody.
  • To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the novel RBD-IgG antigen.

Main Methods:

  • Subcutaneous administration of the RBD-IgG antigen in mice.
  • Measurement of RBD-specific IgG titers and virus-neutralizing antibody titers (using pseudoviruses and live SARS-CoV-2).
  • Assessment of protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2 mice.

Main Results:

  • RBD-IgG administration led to prolonged protein presence in blood and enhanced RBD-specific IgG titers.
  • Immunization with RBD-IgG increased virus-neutralizing antibody titers.
  • K18-hACE2 mice immunized with RBD-IgG were fully protected against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, showing controlled weight loss and reduced viral loads.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic fusion of RBD with IgG enhances antigen immunogenicity and promotes virus-neutralizing antibody generation.
  • IgG chimeric antigens represent a promising approach to improve SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine performance.
  • This strategy offers potential for developing more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.