Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Estimates?01:06

What are Estimates?

5.0K
It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
The estimate for the mean of a sample is denoted by ͞x, whereas the mean of the population is designated as μ. Further, parameters such...
5.0K
Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

4.2K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
4.2K
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

482
This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
482
Prediction Intervals01:03

Prediction Intervals

2.3K
The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
2.3K
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

52
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
52
Econometric Views (EViews)01:29

Econometric Views (EViews)

141
Econometric Views, often stylized as EViews, is a package that merges statistical analysis with econometric studies. It is designed to provide tools for time series analysis, forecasting, and econometric model simulation. The software originated from MicroTSP software and has evolved significantly since its inception in 1981. The history of EViews is marked by a continuous effort to enhance its computational speed and user interface. It was initially developed for large computing systems but...
141

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intersectional inequalities in somatic symptom severity: A trans-diagnostic MAIHDA analysis of SOMACROSS data.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same author

Interactions of blood biomolecules with early rhythm control in atrial fibrillation patients: Exploratory analysis of the EAST-AFNET 4 Biomolecule Study.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Global prevalence and determinants of hospital-acquired COVID-19: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Mapping the network of persistent somatic symptoms across diseases: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from the SOMACROSS research unit.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same author

Early treatment of Atrial fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial in acute STROKE (EAST-STROKE): protocol for an international investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint assessment (PROBE) interventional multi-centre trial.

European stroke journal·2026
Same author

Effectiveness and Safety of Early Rhythm Control in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
07:28

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity

Published on: January 21, 2017

7.0K

Current developments of the estimand concept.

Alexander Fierenz1, Antonia Zapf1

  • 1Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Pharmaceutical Statistics
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The estimand concept in therapeutic studies has evolved with several adaptations. This article reviews key aspects, modified strategies for intercurrent events, and implementation methods in clinical research.

Keywords:
ICH E9 addendumestimandintercurrent event

More Related Videos

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
07:28

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity

Published on: January 21, 2017

7.0K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Clinical Trials
  • Pharmaceutical Research

Background:

  • The estimand framework was introduced to clarify treatment objectives in clinical studies.
  • Adaptations and extensions to the original estimand concept have emerged over time.
  • Understanding the estimand is crucial for accurate interpretation of therapeutic study results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight essential aspects of the estimand concept.
  • To identify and present various extensions to the estimand framework.
  • To discuss strategies for handling intercurrent events and implementing the estimand in clinical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature research was conducted to identify different extensions of the estimand framework.
  • Review of modified strategies for intercurrent events.
  • Examples of methods for implementing the estimand in clinical studies were examined.

Main Results:

  • Several adaptations and extensions to the estimand concept have been developed.
  • Modified strategies for addressing intercurrent events are presented.
  • Methods for implementing the estimand in clinical trials are illustrated.

Conclusions:

  • The estimand remains an active area of research.
  • Further exploration and development of the estimand concept are anticipated.
  • The estimand is vital for robust clinical trial design and analysis.