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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
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Guiding Transient Peptide Assemblies with Structural Elements Embedded in Abiotic Phosphate Fuels.

Mahesh D Pol1,2, Kun Dai1, Ralf Thomann3,4

  • 1DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT-, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.

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|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Amino acid side chains in abiotic phosphates direct assembly and reactivity in non-equilibrium systems. These structured fuels offer control over transient structures and supramolecular assemblies for advanced material design.

Keywords:
abiotic phosphate fuelsnon-equilibrium structurespeptide self-assemblysystems chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-equilibrium systems are crucial for various applications, but controlling their assembly and reactivity remains challenging.
  • Current approaches often overlook the role of fuel structure in directing these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how amino acid side chains within abiotic phosphate fuels influence assembly and reactivity.
  • To demonstrate the control over transient structure formation and supramolecular assembly using structured fuels.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical functionalization of energy-rich aminoacyl phosphate esters.
  • Covalent binding of fuels to substrates to direct assembly.
  • Utilizing dipeptides with specific amino acid residues (tyrosine, cysteine) to control ester and thioester yields.

Main Results:

  • Amino acid side chains (alanine, phenylalanine, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine) direct the assembly and reactivity of abiotic phosphate fuels.
  • Phosphate esters guide structure formation, with cross-regulation between structure and reactivity.
  • Peptide sequence, including anionic, aliphatic, and aromatic residues, influences structure lifetime and supramolecular assembly.
  • Oligomerization can be initiated by a single aminoacyl phosphate ester containing tyrosine.

Conclusions:

  • The structure of amino acid side chains is a critical factor in controlling non-equilibrium systems.
  • Structured fuels based on activated amino acids offer a pathway for designing and fabricating materials with tunable properties.
  • This approach provides a novel method for controlling transient structures and supramolecular assemblies.