Traumatic brain injury incidence and mortality: a large population-based study

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health issue.
• Understanding TBI epidemiology is vital for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive epidemiological overview of TBI.
• To analyze TBI incidence, healthcare utilization, and mortality patterns.

Main Methods:

• A population-based study was conducted in Veneto, Italy (2012-2021).
• Hospital discharge and mortality records were analyzed.
• Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression) investigated mortality determinants.

Main Results:

• 37,487 TBI cases were recorded, with higher incidence in males and a sharp increase after age 70.
• Domestic and traffic accidents were primary causes, with patterns varying by age and gender.
• A notable decrease in TBI rates occurred during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.
• 48.9% of patients were treated in trauma centers; 16,145 deaths were recorded over a median follow-up of 3.7 years.
• Mortality risk increased with age, male gender, comorbidities, and neurosurgical intervention.

Conclusions:

• TBI incidence shows distinct age and gender patterns, with older individuals and males most affected.
• The healthcare network appears effective in managing TBI patients, minimizing transfers.
• There is a critical need for enhanced acute and long-term care strategies for elderly TBI patients.