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Structure and function of plant cell wall polysaccharides.

A G Darvill, P Albersheim, M McNeil

    Journal of Cell Science. Supplement
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Complex plant cell wall polysaccharides act as regulatory molecules. Specific oligosaccharide fragments can trigger plant defense mechanisms and control growth processes like flowering and rooting.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Plant cell wall polysaccharides are more complex than previously thought.
    • Key examples include xyloglucan, rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I).
    • These complex structures suggest roles beyond structural support.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the regulatory functions of cell wall polysaccharides.
    • To explore the role of oligosaccharide fragments in plant physiology and defense.

    Main Methods:

    • Hydrolysis (acid, base, enzymatic) of plant cell walls to obtain oligosaccharide fragments.
    • Synthesis and testing of specific hepta-beta-D-glucoside for elicitor activity.
    • Analysis of gene expression and mRNA synthesis in response to oligosaccharides.

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    Main Results:

    • Oligosaccharide fragments from fungal and plant cell walls can elicit defense responses in plants.
    • A specific hepta-beta-D-glucoside was identified as an elicitor of phytoalexins.
    • Plant oligosaccharide fragments regulate physiological processes including morphogenesis, growth rate, flowering, and rooting.

    Conclusions:

    • Complex carbohydrates, specifically oligosaccharides, function as regulatory molecules in plants.
    • These "oligosaccharins" play crucial roles in plant defense and development.
    • Cell wall fragments are key signaling molecules influencing plant physiology.