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Bicycle injuries: A systematic review for forensic evaluation.

Elena Giovannini¹, Simone Santelli¹, Guido Pelletti¹

¹Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna,, Via Irnerio 49, Bologna 40126, Italy.

Forensic Science International

|April 27, 2024

Summary

Cyclists face severe injuries in traffic accidents. This review analyzes injury patterns for forensic assessment, aiding accident reconstruction.

Keywords:

Accident dynamics Bicycle injuries Forensic pathology Helmet¸ traffic accidents

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Area of Science:

Forensic Medicine
Traffic Safety
Biomechanics

Background:

Bicycle use is widespread for various purposes, increasing cyclist exposure to traffic risks.
Cyclists are vulnerable to severe injuries, even at lower speeds, due to direct impact and lack of protection.
Rising ecological awareness and traffic enforcement contribute to increased cyclist-road interactions and potential for crashes.

Approach:

Systematic literature review of studies on cyclist injuries in road accidents.
Searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1970 to March 2023.
Analyzed 128 eligible studies focusing on forensic aspects and injury patterns.

Key Points:

Injuries vary significantly based on the accident's specifics and energy involved.
Categorized injuries by anatomical region: head, neck, thoraco-abdominal, and limbs.
Examined lesion assessment for reconstructing bicycle accident dynamics.

Conclusions:

Cyclist injuries possess distinct characteristics crucial for forensic analysis.
Integrating injury data with circumstantial and engineering evidence enhances accident reconstruction.
This review provides valuable insights for forensic experts investigating bicycle-related traffic incidents.