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Commercially available mouthguards: Unearthing trace elements for the first time.

Jesse R Ingham1, George L Donati1, Liliya Douvris2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Commercial mouthguards may leach toxic trace elements like cadmium, copper, and lead. One sample showed copper levels 109 times over safe limits, indicating potential health risks from these dental devices.

Keywords:
ICP-MSICP-OESQuality controlTrace elements

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Mouthguards are recommended by the American Dental Association for preventing orofacial injuries.
  • Concerns exist regarding the potential leaching of harmful substances from mouthguard polymers into the user's body.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze commercially available mouthguards for the presence of toxic trace elements.
  • To develop and validate an analytical method for detecting these elements.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a method using closed-vessel microwave-assisted digestion and plasma-based atomic spectrometry.
  • Quantified cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  • Validated the method with certified reference materials and addition/recovery experiments.

Main Results:

  • Detected Cd, Cu, and Pb in four out of the analyzed mouthguard samples.
  • One sample contained Cu levels 109 times higher than established safe limits.
  • Most samples had elemental levels below the method's limit of quantification.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial mouthguards can contain toxic trace elements, posing potential health risks.
  • Highlights the need for improved contamination control during mouthguard manufacturing.
  • Further research is warranted to assess the long-term health implications of trace element exposure from mouthguards.