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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity
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Size Exclusion Chromatography to Analyze Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Heterogeneity

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Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles: an evolving story.

Xiaogang Wang1, Jean C Lee1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Staphylococcus aureus releases membrane vesicles (MVs) containing virulence factors. This review explores their role in staphylococcal infections, covering biogenesis, cargo, and pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusbiogenesiscargoextracellular membrane vesiclesvaccinevirulence factors

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Vesicular Transport

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen causing diverse infections.
  • S. aureus utilizes numerous virulence factors for colonization, infection, and immune evasion.
  • Extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by S. aureus are increasingly recognized for their role in pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles (MVs).
  • To highlight the biogenesis, cargo content, and pathogenic potential of S. aureus MVs.
  • To identify emerging research questions in the field of staphylococcal MVs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Staphylococcus aureus MVs.
  • Analysis of research on MV biogenesis and cargo.
  • Synthesis of findings on the role of MVs in staphylococcal infection pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • S. aureus MVs package various bacterial components, including virulence factors.
  • MV biogenesis and cargo composition are complex and contribute to infection.
  • MVs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus aureus MVs are crucial mediators of virulence and infection.
  • Further research into MV biogenesis and function is warranted.
  • Understanding S. aureus MVs offers potential therapeutic targets for staphylococcal infections.