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Cell death in atherosclerosis.

Dan Ni1,2, Cai Lei1, Minqi Liu2,3

  • 1Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
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Atherosclerosis involves arterial lipid buildup and inflammation. Cell death pathways, including apoptosis and autophagy, significantly impact this disease, offering new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cellular Mechanisms
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a complex arterial disease driven by lipid accumulation and inflammation.
  • Cell death is a critical biological process impacting tissue homeostasis and disease development.
  • Programmed cell death, specifically apoptosis and autophagy, are implicated in atherosclerosis onset and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of various cell death modalities.
  • To discuss the role of these cell death pathways in key vascular cells during atherosclerosis.
  • To provide a foundation for developing novel atherosclerosis prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms of cell death.
  • Analysis of the impact of apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis on vascular cells.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of cell death in atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Multiple cell death pathways (apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, necrosis) are involved in atherosclerosis.
  • These pathways affect endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages within the arterial wall.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for targeting cellular processes in atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Cell death pathways are integral to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
  • Targeting specific cell death mechanisms in vascular cells presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Further research into these molecular pathways can lead to innovative treatments for atherosclerosis.