Lignin-derived carbon quantum dot/PVA films for totally blocking UV and high-energy blue light

Excessive exposure to UV and high-energy blue light (HEBL) can cause fatal eye and skin injuries. As a result, it is crucial to protect our bodies from UV and HEBL radiation. To achieve complete blocking of UV and HEBL, we developed a lignin-derived carbon quantum dot (L-CQD)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. L-CQD was synthesized from lignin, a waste woody biomass, and then blended with a PVA matrix to create a flexible L-CQD/PVA film. Thanks to simultaneous UV and HEBL absorption characteristics and bright color of L-CQD, the PVA film with 0.375 wt% L-CQD demonstrated outstanding blocking efficiency: 100 % in UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A, and at least 99.9 % in HEBL. It also exhibited a 44 % increase in lightness and a 12 % enhancement in transparency compared to lignin/PVA film. The film's ability to block UV and HEBL was further demonstrated by reducing >40 % UV-induced ROS formation in both cancerous and normal cell lines (Hs 294T, HeLa, CCD-986sk, and L929), as well as by blocking blue laser diode (LD) and LED. Since the L-CQD/PVA film is simple to produce, environmentally friendly, flexible, and thermally stable, it is suitable for use as a protective coating against sunlight and harmful emissions from IT devices.