Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2025
07:59
A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
Published on: October 4, 2019
9.8K
Botrytis cinerea detoxifies the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin rishitin through multiple metabolizing pathways
Abriel Salaria Bulasag1, Akira Ashida2, Atsushi Miura2
1Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B
|April 28, 2024
Summary
Botrytis cinerea tolerates and metabolizes the plant toxin rishitin, unlike other potato pathogens. This detoxification ability, involving multiple enzymatic reactions, is crucial for its pathogenicity on crops like potato and tomato.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Mycology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Botrytis cinerea is a generalist necrotrophic pathogen impacting numerous crops.
- Its broad host range is linked to detoxifying plant defense compounds (phytoalexins).
- Rishitin is a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin produced by potato and tomato.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate Botrytis cinerea's tolerance and metabolism of rishitin.
- To compare rishitin metabolism in B. cinerea with other potato pathogens.
- To explore the detoxification mechanisms of B. cinerea against rishitin.
Main Methods:
- Incubation of rishitin with B. cinerea mycelia.
- Structural analysis of rishitin metabolites using chromatography and spectroscopy.
- Toxicity assays of rishitin metabolites against Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani.
- Comparative analysis of rishitin metabolism in other Botrytis species.
Main Results:
- B. cinerea exhibited tolerance to rishitin, while P. infestans and A. solani were inhibited.
- B. cinerea metabolized rishitin into at least six oxidized forms via hydroxylation, ketone formation, and dihydroxylation.
- Six rishitin metabolites showed reduced toxicity, indicating at least five distinct detoxification enzymes in B. cinerea.
- Other Botrytis species showed weaker rishitin metabolism compared to B. cinerea.
Conclusions:
- B. cinerea possesses multiple enzymatic pathways for rapid rishitin detoxification.
- This metabolic capability is likely essential for B. cinerea's pathogenicity in potato and tomato.
- The detoxification mechanism contributes to B. cinerea's success as a generalist pathogen.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation
194
Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
194
01:23Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes
2.3K
The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
2.3K
01:26Enhanced Elimination of Poison
504
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
504
01:19Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions
59
Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
59