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Ultra-Cycling- Past, Present, Future: A Narrative Review
Lucas Tiemeier1, Pantelis T Nikolaidis2, Daniela Chlíbková3
1Centre for Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Sports Medicine - Open
|April 28, 2024
Summary
Ultra-endurance cycling events are growing in popularity. Performance is influenced by age (optimum around 40) and sex, not anthropometrics, with a notable post-race energy deficit observed in cyclists.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Endurance Sports
Background:
- Ultra-endurance cycling events are increasingly popular across various disciplines.
- Understanding factors influencing participation and performance in ultra-cycling is crucial for the cycling community.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing literature on ultra-cycling races.
- To analyze cyclist characteristics, physiological responses, and performance determinants.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a narrative review of literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Searched for terms including 'ultracycling' and 'ultra-endurance biking'.
- Analyzed 111 relevant studies focusing on race types, participant profiles, and performance factors.
Main Results:
- Ultra-cycling performance is linked to age (optimal around 40) and sex, but not anthropometric measures like skinfold thickness.
- Observed physiological changes, immunological and oxidative processes, and fluid/energy balance shifts.
- Identified a post-race energy deficit in ultra-cyclists and noted a trend of increasing European participation.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to understand the optimal race age and nutritional strategies for ultra-cycling.
- Investigating methods to manage inflammatory processes during and after races is a key research gap.
- Future studies should address the underrepresentation and specific needs of female ultra-cyclists.
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