Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

44.8K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
44.8K
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

1.6K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Speech Perception Development From Childhood to Adulthood Following Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: A 30-year Longitudinal Study.

Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice·2026
Same author

Binaural sensitivity and processing of envelope-based interaural difference cues by bilateral cochlear implant users with perilingual and postlingual onset of deafness.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

Time Course of Speech Perception Performance Related to Advanced Bionics V1 Device Revision.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2026
Same author

Word- and segment-level nasalance patterns in Greek-learning children with and without cochlear implants.

Clinical linguistics & phonetics·2025
Same author

Lexical Preferences in Greek-Learning Children with Cochlear Implants: A Retrospective Analysis of Sonority-Based and Prosodic Lexical Structures.

Journal of psycholinguistic research·2025
Same author

A fast measure of spatial separation for release from masking and its relation to intelligibility.

JASA express letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

380

The Lombard effect in children with cochlear implants: suprasegmental aspects.

Areti Okalidou1, Z Ellen Peng2, Aggeliki Banioti1

  • 1Department of Educational & Social Policy, Graduate Program of Communication Disorders & Sciences, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics
|April 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Children with cochlear implants (CI) speak louder and longer in noise, unlike normally hearing peers who adapt more to reverberation. These findings impact classroom communication strategies.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantschildrenlexical stressspeech production in noisevowel production

More Related Videos

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
07:00

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

750
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

443

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

380
Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
07:00

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

750
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

443

Area of Science:

  • Speech-language pathology
  • Auditory processing
  • Pediatric audiology

Background:

  • Children with cochlear implants (CI) face communication challenges in noisy environments like classrooms.
  • The Lombard effect, a vocal response to noise, influences speech production.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for improving CI users' communication in real-world settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Lombard effect on speech intensity and duration in children with CIs versus normal hearing (NH) children.
  • To analyze the impact of speech-shaped noise (SSN) and SSN with reverberation on vowel production.
  • To identify differences in vocal compensation strategies between the two groups.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 7 children with CIs and 7 NH children (ages 7-12).
  • Measured intensity and duration of stressed vowels under quiet, SSN, and SSN+Reverberation conditions.
  • Analyzed Lombard effect by comparing speech production across acoustic environments.

Main Results:

  • Children with CIs produced louder stressed vowels overall compared to NH children.
  • Both groups increased intensity in noise, with NH children showing further increases in reverberation.
  • Children with CIs produced longer stressed vowels in quiet and SSN, but this effect diminished with reverberation.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CIs exhibit different Lombard effect patterns than NH children, particularly in response to reverberation.
  • Greater intensity and duration in CI users may aid speech perception in noise.
  • Findings have implications for optimizing communication strategies in noisy educational settings for children with CIs.