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Innate Immune Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
H K Hughes1, R J Moreno1, P Ashwood1
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA (all authors);The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA (all authors).
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)
|April 29, 2024
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves immune system dysfunction, particularly innate immunity. This review highlights neuroinflammation and microglia activation as potential factors in ASD etiology.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Developmental Disorders
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with rising prevalence.
- Core deficits include social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
- The exact causes of ASD are unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are implicated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on innate immune dysfunction in ASD.
- To explore the role of neuroinflammation and microglia activation in ASD.
- To present evidence from human and animal models.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of recent studies.
- Analysis of data from circulating myeloid cells.
- Examination of brain-resident macrophages and microglia.
Main Results:
- Consistent evidence of innate immune system dysfunction in ASD.
- Association between immune dysfunction and increased behavioral severity.
- Aberrant innate cellular function and microglia activation observed.
Conclusions:
- Innate immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation are implicated in ASD.
- The interaction between immune and neural systems may contribute to ASD etiology.
- Further research into immune mechanisms is warranted for understanding ASD.
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