A surface-modified Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃ cathode with high rate capability and cycling stability for sodium ion batteries

High voltage, high rate, and cycling-stable cathodes are urgently needed for development of commercially viable sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we report a facial ball-milling to synthesize a carbon-coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃ composite (C-NVPF). Benefiting from the highly conductive carbon layer, the C-NVPF material exhibits a high reversible capacity (110.6 mA h g^-1 at 0.1C), long-term cycle life (54% of capacity retention up to 2000 cycles at 5C), and excellent rate performance (35.1 mA h g^-1 at 30C). The present results suggest promising applications of the C-NVPF material as a high-performance cathode for sodium ion batteries.