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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Progenitor Cell Function and Cardiovascular Remodelling Induced by SGLT2 Inhibitors.

Theodora M Stougiannou1, Konstantinos C Christodoulou1, Theocharis Koufakis2

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace - University General Hospital, 68100 Alexeandroupolis, Greece.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|April 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) show cardioprotective effects by positively influencing cardiac remodelling. These SGLT2 inhibitors may improve cardiovascular health by modulating stem and progenitor cells, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

Keywords:
cardiac remodellingendothelial progenitorheart failurehemopoietic stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Renal Physiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, initially for type 2 diabetes, now treat heart failure and kidney disease.
  • Cardiovascular remodelling involves molecular and cellular changes due to injury or stress.
  • Stem and progenitor cells, particularly endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), play a role in pathological remodelling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in the context of cardiac remodelling.
  • To critically discuss recent evidence on SGLT2 inhibitors and their impact on cardiovascular disease.
  • To explore the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors in modulating stem and progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies investigating SGLT2 inhibitors' effects on cardiac remodelling.
  • Examination of research on SGLT2 inhibitors' impact on stem and progenitor cells, including EPCs.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate positive effects on molecular and cellular changes in cardiac remodelling.
  • Evidence suggests SGLT2 inhibitors can modulate the morphology and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).
  • Observed effects on EPCs may contribute to the beneficial cardiovascular outcomes associated with SGLT2 inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors offer significant cardioprotective benefits beyond glucose control.
  • Modulation of stem and progenitor cells, especially EPCs, is a potential mechanism for SGLT2 inhibitor efficacy.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.