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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview

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The addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via an anti-Markovnikov pathway and yields alkyl bromides.

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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

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Published on: July 18, 2017

Same size, same support, same spectator? Selective acetylene hydrogenation on supported Pd nanoparticles.

Marian D Rötzer¹, Maximilian Krause¹, Tobias Hinke¹

¹Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching bei München, Germany. marian.roetzer@gmail.com.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|April 29, 2024

Summary

Metal-support interactions tune palladium nanoparticle catalysts for selective acetylene hydrogenation. This research clarifies how electronic effects on silica supports control catalyst activity and selectivity, crucial for ethylene purification.

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

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Published on: August 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Heterogeneous catalysis
Surface science
Nanoparticle catalysis

Background:

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles catalyze selective acetylene hydrogenation for ethylene purification.
Fundamental understanding of metal-support interactions in industrial Pd catalysts is limited.
Electronically modified amorphous silica (a-SiO2) thin films are used as supports.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the influence of metal-support interactions on Pd nanoparticle acetylene hydrogenation.
Elucidate the role of dehydrogenated species and their interaction with the support.
Develop an electronic model to steer selectivity via metal-support interactions.

Main Methods:

Acetylene hydrogenation under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) using pulsed molecular beam reactive scattering (pMBRS).
Characterization of the active Pd phase using CO infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS).
Post-mortem analysis via temperature-programmed reaction (TPR).

Main Results:

Metal-support interactions influence Pd catalytic properties through charge transfer; positive charging increases activity.
Increased activity is linked to the formation of undesired byproducts.
Dehydrogenated species, tunable by metal-support interactions, determine the availability of active sites for acetylene and ethylene hydrogenation.

Conclusions:

Active sites for acetylene and ethylene hydrogenation differ, consistent with the A and E model.
Metal-support interactions can steer selectivity by blocking unselective sites.
An electronic model is proposed for controlling selectivity via metal-support interactions.