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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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A Modular Trial of Androgen Signaling Inhibitor Combinations Testing a Risk-Adapted Strategy in Patients with

Ana M Aparicio1, Rebecca S S Tidwell2, Shalini S Yadav3

  • 1Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|April 29, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding ipilimumab to abiraterone, prednisone, and apalutamide did not improve outcomes for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Combination therapy with carboplatin and cabazitaxel also failed to improve survival in a subgroup of patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Risk-adapted therapy and disease classification are crucial for optimizing treatment strategies in mCRPC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of risk-adapted combination therapies for mCRPC.
  • To identify disease classifiers for stratifying patients with mCRPC.

Main Methods:

  • A modular, randomized phase II trial involving 192 men with mCRPC.
  • Patients received abiraterone acetate, prednisone, and apalutamide (AAPA), then stratified based on response.
  • Subsequent treatment arms included AAPA alone, AAPA with ipilimumab, or AAPA with carboplatin + cabazitaxel.

Main Results:

  • Median overall survival was 46.4 months (AAPA alone), 41.4 months (AAPA + ipilimumab), and 18.7 months (AAPA + carboplatin + cabazitaxel).
  • An aggressive-variant prostate cancer molecular profile was associated with treatment failure.
  • Biomarkers such as macrophage markers and germline mutations were enriched in the non-responding group.

Conclusions:

  • Adding ipilimumab to AAPA did not enhance outcomes in mCRPC.
  • Intensified chemotherapy did not improve survival in the unsatisfactory response group.
  • Adaptive trial designs can identify patient subgroups for targeted therapies in prostate cancer.