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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
665
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

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Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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[Infections and fever].

Stefan Schmiedel1

  • 1I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland. s.schmiedel@uke.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fever has many causes, and common lab tests are not always reliable for diagnosing infections. Investigating fever, especially prolonged cases, requires careful exclusion of infectious diseases.

Keywords:
Blood culturesFever of unknown originInfectious causesNoninfectious causesPyrogens

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Fever is a common symptom with diverse origins, including infections and non-infectious conditions.
  • It represents the body's physiological response to pyrogens.
  • Standard laboratory tests often lack the definitive accuracy to pinpoint infectious fever causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic challenges and strategies for identifying the causes of fever.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate temperature measurement and clinical evaluation.
  • To highlight the complexity of investigating fever of unknown origin (FUO).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic approaches for fever.
  • Discussion of the limitations of common laboratory markers (CBC, CRP, ESR, procalcitonin).
  • Emphasis on the role of blood cultures in suspected bacteremia or sepsis.

Main Results:

  • Laboratory tests lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity for definitive infectious etiology.
  • Fever may be absent in certain patient groups, such as the elderly or immunocompromised.
  • Accurate core temperature measurement is crucial for fever confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Excluding infectious causes is paramount in acute fever evaluation.
  • Syndromic classification aids in diagnosing complex cases of fever of unknown origin.
  • A systematic approach is necessary for effective fever workup.