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Zwitterionic coatings prevent biomolecule adsorption. Sulfobetaine-functionalized silica nanoparticles (ZS@SiO2NPs) exhibit negative charge due to silanols stabilized by sulfobetaine, enhancing colloidal stability in solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Zwitterionic coatings prevent biomolecule adsorption and enhance nanoparticle stability through their electroneutral and hydrophilic nature.
  • Short sulfobetaines are effective antifouling agents, reducing protein adsorption and improving nanoparticle colloidal stability.
  • Zwitterionic sulfobetaine silane (ZS)-functionalized silica nanoparticles (ZS@SiO2NPs) display a negative charge despite the neutral nature of ZS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To thoroughly investigate the surface properties of ZS@SiO2NPs.
  • To elucidate the origin of the negative charge on ZS@SiO2NPs.
  • To understand the factors contributing to the colloidal stability of ZS@SiO2NPs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of meticulous functionalization procedures for ZS@SiO2NPs.
  • Detailed characterization of ZS@SiO2NPs surface properties.
  • Modeling to address surface feature questions and colloidal stability evaluation under varying pH and ionic strength conditions.

Main Results:

  • The negative charge of ZS@SiO2NPs arises from the stabilization of siloxide from residual surface silanols by the quaternary amine in the sulfobetaine structure.
  • Zero-charge ZS@SiO2NPs are unlikely due to increased silanol dissociation and negative charge.
  • ZS@SiO2NPs exhibit enhanced colloidal stability at higher ionic strengths, suggesting interaction with salt ions prevents aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the origin of the negative surface charge in ZS@SiO2NPs.
  • The findings highlight the role of sulfobetaine structure in stabilizing silanols and influencing nanoparticle charge.
  • The research provides insights into the remarkable colloidal stability of zwitterionic nanoparticles in complex media, particularly at elevated ionic strengths.