Adsorption and bacterial performance of Nd₂O₃ modified Ag nanoparticles with enhanced degradation of methylene blue

Our study focused on the optical behavior, methylene blue (MB) dye degradation potential, antibacterial performance, and silver and trioxide mineral interaction with different bacterial species. We found that the addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) resulted in a significant response, with an enlargement of the inhibition zone for bacterial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Specifically, the inhibition zone for S. aureus increased from 9.3 ± 0.5 mm for pure Nd₂O₃ to 16.7 ± 0.4 mm for the Ag/Nd₂O₃ nano-composite, while for E. coli, it increased from 8.8 ± 0.4 mm for Nd₂O₃ to 15.9 ± 0.3 mm for Ag/Nd₂O₃. Furthermore, the optical behavior of the composites showed a clear band-gap narrowing with the addition of Ag NPs, resulting in enhanced electronic localization. The direct and indirect transitions reduced from 6.7 to 6.1 eV and from 5.2 to 2.9 eV, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that the Ag/Nd₂O₃ nano-composite has potential applications in sensor industries and water treatment, thanks to its enhanced optical behavior, antibacterial performance, and efficient MB degradation capabilities. In terms of MB degradation, the Ag/Nd₂O₃ mixed system exhibited more efficient degradation compared to pure Nd₂O₃. After 150 min, the MB concentration in the mixed system decreased to almost half of its starting point, while pure Nd₂O₃ only reached 33%.