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A biological clock in Drosophila.

M W Young, F R Jackson, H S Shin

    Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    The per locus gene in Drosophila is crucial for biological clock function. Its 4.5-kb transcript level directly influences circadian rhythm period, with conserved DNA sequences found in vertebrates.

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    Area of Science:

    • Chronobiology
    • Molecular Genetics
    • Drosophila melanogaster Research

    Background:

    • The per locus is a key regulator of the Drosophila biological clock.
    • Previous studies mapped the per locus to a 7-kb DNA segment responsible for its function.
    • The precise molecular mechanisms governing circadian rhythmicity in Drosophila require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the specific transcription unit within the per locus responsible for circadian rhythm.
    • To investigate the relationship between per transcript levels and circadian rhythm periodicity.
    • To explore evolutionary conservation of the per locus in vertebrates.

    Main Methods:

    • Physical mapping of the per locus using chromosomal rearrangements.
    • Analysis of per transcript levels over a 24-hour light-dark cycle.
    • P-element-mediated transformation to introduce the per transcription unit into arrhythmic Drosophila mutants.
    • DNA sequencing of conserved per locus segments from mouse.

    Main Results:

    • A single 4.5-kb poly(A)+ RNA transcript was identified within the 7-kb per locus DNA segment.
    • Transformation of arrhythmic flies with the per transcription unit restored rhythmic behavior.
    • Flies with longer circadian periods exhibited underproduction of the 4.5-kb per RNA.
    • Homologous DNA sequences, including a highly conserved segment in mouse, were identified in vertebrates.

    Conclusions:

    • The 4.5-kb transcript from the per locus is essential and sufficient for Drosophila circadian rhythms.
    • The periodicity of Drosophila circadian rhythms is determined by the expression level of the per locus protein.
    • The per locus and its function in circadian rhythms show evolutionary conservation across species.

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