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Related Concept Videos

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

93
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
93
Three-Compartment Open Model01:06

Three-Compartment Open Model

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The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
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Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

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Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
667
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

69
Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
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Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

60
Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This...
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Polypharmacy as Formal Training and a Model of Practice.

Michael J Schuh1, Sheena K Crosby1

  • 11 Clinical Pharmacist, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.

The Senior Care Pharmacist
|April 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Polypharmacy definitions need updating to include supplements and cannabis. Pharmacists can manage complex medication regimens, including pharmacogenomics (PGx), to prevent adverse drug reactions.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • Traditional polypharmacy definitions overlook herbal supplements, cannabis, and pharmacogenomics (PGx).
  • Most pharmacists encounter polypharmacy across various patient care settings.
  • Geriatric populations traditionally experience higher polypharmacy rates, but younger individuals are increasingly affected due to supplement and cannabis use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current polypharmacy definitions.
  • To emphasize the role of pharmacists in managing complex medication regimens involving supplements and cannabis.
  • To advocate for enhanced polypharmacy training in pharmacy curricula.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing traditional polypharmacy definitions and their limitations.

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  • Analyzing the impact of herbal supplements and cannabis on drug interactions.
  • Exploring the integration of pharmacogenomics (PGx) into polypharmacy management.
  • Assessing current pharmacy curricula for polypharmacy training adequacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Existing polypharmacy definitions do not adequately address the widespread use of supplements and cannabis.
    • These products can share metabolic pathways with prescription drugs, increasing the risk of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
    • Pharmacogenomics (PGx) offers a valuable tool for personalized medication management in polypharmacy.
    • Pharmacy education on polypharmacy is often fragmented and lacks comprehensive coverage of non-prescription products.

    Conclusions:

    • Polypharmacy is a growing concern across all age groups, driven by the proliferation of supplements and cannabis.
    • Pharmacists, equipped with knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and PGx, are crucial in addressing medication-related problems (MRPs) arising from polypharmacy.
    • Formalizing and prioritizing polypharmacy education within pharmacy curricula is essential to prepare future pharmacists for this complex practice environment.
    • A "polypharmacist" model can improve patient safety and outcomes by proactively managing polypharmacy.