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Related Concept Videos

Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Periodic Precipitation in a Confined Liquid Layer.

Masaki Itatani1, Yuhei Onishi2, Nobuhiko J Suematsu2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|April 30, 2024
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Summary

Periodic precipitation patterns, like the Liesegang phenomenon, can now be engineered in confined liquid phases using Hele-Shaw cells, offering new insights into self-organization and fluid dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Pattern formation is common in nature, driven by chemical reactions and transport.
  • The Liesegang phenomenon, a periodic precipitation, is traditionally studied in porous media to stabilize structures.
  • Porous media prevent pattern disintegration from sedimentation and fluid flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate periodic precipitation pattern formation in a Hele-Shaw cell (confined liquid phase).
  • To investigate the role of fluidity in pattern generation within thin liquid films.
  • To explore an alternative to traditional porous media for studying self-organized patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Hele-Shaw cell to confine precipitation reactions.
  • Engineering hydrodynamic instability within a thin liquid film.
  • Analyzing pattern properties using the Rayleigh-Darcy number.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated periodic precipitation patterns in a Hele-Shaw cell across various reaction systems.
  • Observed spatiotemporal properties consistent with patterns formed in solid hydrogels.
  • Highlighted the critical influence of fluidity, quantified by the Rayleigh-Darcy number, on pattern formation.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic precipitation patterns can be engineered in confined liquid phases, challenging the necessity of solid porous media.
  • Hele-Shaw cells offer a controllable environment for studying self-organized pattern formation.
  • This research bridges fundamental understanding with potential practical applications in materials science and chemical engineering.