Urothelial Carcinoma: Epidemiology and Imaging-Based Review

Bladder cancer is the 6th most common malignancy in the United States, with urothelial carcinomas comprising over 95% of cases of bladder cancer, and commands a significant disease burden in Rhode Island. Imaging studies can provide valuable diagnostic information for urothelial carcinomas at initial presentation and are routinely used for noninvasive staging, treatment response monitoring, and post-treatment surveillance. This review aims to discuss and highlight three imaging modalities: ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, with particular focus on the notable features and appearance of urothelial carcinoma on each modality and their relative utility throughout the disease course. A general overview of disease epidemiology and treatment practices is also provided.