Ultrafast Removal of Thorium and Uranium from Radioactive Waste and Groundwater Using Highly Efficient and...

Thorium (Th) and uranium (U) are important strategic resources in nuclear energy-based heavy industries such as energy and defense sectors that also generate significant radioactive waste in the process. The management of nuclear waste is therefore of paramount importance. Contamination of groundwater/surface water by Th/U is increasing at an alarming rate in certain geographical locations. This necessitates the development of strategic adsorbent materials with improved performance for capturing Th/U species from radioactive waste and groundwater. This report describes the design of a unique, robust, and radiation-resistant porous organic polymer (POP: TP-POP-SO₃NH₄), which demonstrates ultrafast removal of Th(IV) (<30 s)/U(VI) (<60 s) species present in simulated radioactive wastewater/groundwater samples. Thermal, chemical, and radiation stabilities of these POPs were studied in detail. The synthesized ammoniated POP revealed exceptional capture efficiency for trace-level Th (<4 ppb) and U (<3 ppb) metal ions through the cation-exchange mechanism. TP-POP-SO₃NH₄ shows a significant sorption capacity [Th (787 mg/g) and U (854 mg/g)] with an exceptionally high distribution coefficient (K_d) of 10⁷ mL/g for Th. This work also demonstrates a facile protocol to convert a nonperforming POP, by simple chemical modifications, into a superfast adsorbent for efficient uptake/removal of U/Th.