Effect of NLRP3 Inflammasome on Lung Cancer Immune Microenvironment Activation and Its Mechanism

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a dual role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and its role in lung cancer remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells.

Data from the GEPIA, TCGA, and HPA databases were utilized to analyze the expression of NLRP3 in lung adenocarcinoma and its microenvironment. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis and GSEA analysis were employed to annotate the functions of differentially expressed genes related to NLRP3. The impact of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells was further investigated by CCK-8 assay and scratch assay. The effects of blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation with IL-1RA and IL-18BP on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells were further assessed. Survival analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of NLRP3 expression on the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

The expression of NLRP3 in lung cancer was lower than in normal tissues, with notably higher expression observed in macrophages compared to other cells. Patients with higher NLRP3 expression exhibit increased infiltration of M2 macrophages. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome using LPS+ATP promotes the proliferation and migration of A549 cells. Simultaneous use of IL-1RA and IL-18BP reverses the promoting effect of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on cell proliferation and migration. Survival analysis results indicate that patients with high NLRP3 expression have a poorer prognosis compared to those with low NLRP3 expression (Hazzard Ratio =1.44; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.21-1.71).

The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes the proliferation and migration of A549 cells through secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, potentially influencing patient prognosis. Simultaneously blocking IL-1β and IL-18 can reverse the pro-proliferative and migration-promoting effects.