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Congenital Upper Lip Sinus.

Jiarui Zhang1, Zengjian Li, Pai Pang

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|April 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital upper lip sinus (CULS) is a rare condition. Surgical excision offers a favorable prognosis with no recurrence for this midline anomaly.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial anomalies
  • Developmental biology
  • Medical case reports

Background:

  • Congenital upper lip sinus (CULS) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly.
  • Understanding CULS is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • This study aims to deepen the understanding of CULS through a case presentation and systematic review.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old girl presented with midline CULS, prolonged maxillary labial frenulum, and palatal epulis.
  • A systematic review included 45 cases from 39 papers.
  • CULS predominantly occurs horizontally in the midline (78%) and vertically on the upper white lip (51%).
  • A female predilection (62%) and symptomatic presentation (58%) were noted.
  • Thirteen cases (29%) were associated with other maxillofacial defects.

Findings:

  • The sinus is consistently lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Etiology remains unclear, with theories including fusion, merging, and invagination.
  • CULS may represent a microform of cleft lip.

Implications:

  • Surgical excision is the primary treatment for CULS.
  • The prognosis is favorable, with no reported complications or recurrence.
  • Further research into the etiology and embryological origins of CULS is warranted.