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New Improved cGMP Analogues to Target Rod Photoreceptor Degeneration.

Oswaldo Pérez^1,2, Agnese Stanzani³, Li Huang³

¹Chemical Processes and Pharmaceutical Development Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 20 J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

|April 30, 2024

Summary

Dithio-CN03, a novel cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) analogue, shows significant neuroprotective effects in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) models. This compound demonstrates higher efficacy than existing candidates, offering a promising new therapeutic avenue for RP treatment.

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Area of Science:

Medicinal Chemistry
Ophthalmology
Neuroscience

Background:

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes retinal degeneration, particularly in young individuals, with a significant unmet medical need.
Elevated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels are implicated in photoreceptor degeneration, suggesting cGMP analogues as potential therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and evaluate dithio-CN03, a novel phosphorodithioate analogue of cGMP, for its therapeutic potential in retinitis pigmentosa.
To compare the neuroprotective efficacy of dithio-CN03 against related compounds in in vitro models of RP.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of dithio-CN03 using the H-phosphonothioate route.
Characterization of dithio-CN03 crystal modifications (trihydrate and tetrahydrofuran monosolvate).
In vitro testing of neuroprotective effects in photoreceptor models of RP, comparing dithio-CN03 with CN03, S_P-CN03, and oxo-CN03.

Main Results:

Dithio-CN03 was successfully synthesized and characterized.
Dithio-CN03 exhibited lower aqueous solubility than CN03, potentially beneficial for sustained retinal delivery.
Dithio-CN03 demonstrated superior neuroprotective efficacy compared to CN03, S_P-CN03, and oxo-CN03 in RP photoreceptor models.

Conclusions:

Dithio-CN03 is a highly effective neuroprotective agent for photoreceptor degeneration.
The compound represents a promising new therapeutic candidate for treating retinitis pigmentosa.
Its favorable physicochemical properties may enhance retinal drug delivery formulations.