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Reduced Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hiroko Takahashi1, Jun Eguchi1, Mayu Watanabe1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Acta Medica Okayama
|April 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Obesity is linked to lower antibody responses after three COVID-19 vaccine doses in type 2 diabetes patients. These individuals may need further vaccination and ongoing infection control measures due to potentially reduced vaccine efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of individuals with underlying health conditions.
  • Diabetes is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 and poorer vaccination outcomes.
  • Understanding factors affecting vaccine response in diabetics is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors influencing anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titers in type 2 diabetes patients after three vaccine doses.
  • To assess the impact of obesity on vaccine-induced antibody levels in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titers.
  • Comparison of antibody levels based on obesity status in vaccinated type 2 diabetes patients.

Main Results:

  • Obesity was significantly associated with lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titers post-three-dose vaccination.
  • This suggests potentially attenuated vaccine efficacy in obese type 2 diabetes patients.

Conclusions:

  • Obese patients with type 2 diabetes may exhibit a diminished immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.
  • Consideration should be given to additional vaccination strategies and continuous infection control for this high-risk group.

Keywords:
COVID-19obesitytype 2 diabetesvaccination

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