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People rated AI moral reasoning as superior to humans, but could still distinguish AI from human evaluations. This raises concerns about uncritically accepting AI moral guidance without safeguards.

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Moral Psychology

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) necessitate understanding public perception of AI's moral reasoning capabilities.
  • Existing research lacks comprehensive studies on how individuals differentiate AI-generated moral evaluations from human ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether people perceive AI moral evaluations similarly to human moral evaluations.
  • To assess the ability of individuals to distinguish between human and AI moral reasoning.
  • To explore the implications of AI's perceived moral superiority on user trust and acceptance.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Moral Turing Test (m-MTT) was employed, involving 299 U.S. adults.
  • Participants rated the quality of moral evaluations from both humans and GPT-4, blinded to the source.
  • Participants then attempted to identify the source (human or AI) of each moral evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Participants rated the AI's (GPT-4) moral reasoning as superior to human reasoning across multiple dimensions (virtuousness, intelligence, trustworthiness).
  • Despite rating AI's reasoning higher, participants could significantly distinguish AI-generated evaluations from human ones above chance levels.
  • The AI did not pass the identification test, potentially due to its perceived superiority rather than inferior reasoning.

Conclusions:

  • AI language models can produce moral evaluations perceived as superior to human ones.
  • This perceived superiority raises concerns about potential uncritical acceptance of AI moral guidance.
  • There is a critical need for developing safeguards for generative language models in moral contexts.