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Rhinorrhea and watery eyes in infancy and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-age children

Matthew S Perzanowski1, Virginia Rauh2, Bruce Ramphal3

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Developmental Psychobiology
|April 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Infant rhinorrhea and watery eyes without a cold (RWWC) may predict attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattentive symptoms, particularly in females. This finding suggests RWWC could be an early risk marker for ADHD in at-risk populations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity is linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattentive symptoms.
  • Infant rhinorrhea and watery eyes without a cold (RWWC) has been associated with PNS dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between infant RWWC and childhood ADHD symptoms.
  • To explore potential sex differences in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of 301 Black and Latinx children from disadvantaged backgrounds.
  • Caregiver-reported ADHD symptoms (DuPaul scale) assessed at ages 8-14 years.
  • Analysis of infant RWWC as a predictor of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Infant RWWC significantly predicted higher inattentive ADHD symptoms (RR 2.16, p < .001) but not hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (RR 1.53, p = .065).
  • The association between RWWC and inattention was significant in females but not males.
  • Males with infant RWWC were three times more likely to have higher total ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Infant RWWC may serve as a novel risk marker for ADHD inattentive-type symptoms.
  • This association appears stronger in females, suggesting sex-specific risk pathways.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms linking infant RWWC to ADHD.

Keywords:
asthmaattention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorderexercise‐induced wheezeinattentionparasympathetic nervous systemrhinitiswatery eyes

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